3. Investigación
URI permanente para esta comunidadhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12640/4065
Esta colección reúne las contribuciones de acceso abierto realizadas por los docentes e investigadores de la Universidad ESAN, publicadas en fuentes académicas externas. Los trabajos aquí incluidos abarcan una amplia gama de temas de relevancia académica y profesional, y están orientados a fortalecer el conocimiento y el impacto de la investigación en diversas disciplinas. Estos estudios están disponibles para el público en general, promoviendo la difusión y el intercambio de conocimientos en beneficio de la comunidad académica y de la sociedad.
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Corporate structure and prevention: The three lines model applied to Latin American companies(Virtus Interpress, 2024) Lizarzaburu, Edmundo; Burneo Farfan, Kurt; Camacho, Maria; García Gómez, Conrado DiegoThe economic environment in which enterprises operate is increasingly harsh and complex, making business more complex, volatile and uncertain. This context requires a change in the management model based on the three fundamental pillars of governance, risk management and regulatory compliance. In this sense, the presentation of the three-line model is considered particularly useful, as it has become one of the most recognized management tools internationally due to its flexibility and adaptability. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the current literature on this management model and then analyze its applicability in business practice through a case study. In particular, the analysis of four companies in the Ibero-American energy sector (Petrobras, Codelco, Ecopetrol, and Iberdrola) reveals that, although the adaptation of the model is generally comprehensive and universal in all aspects, its flexibility is very Large allows adaptation to any organization’s needs and structure. Finally, the study draws some conclusions weighing the theoretical development of the three-line model and its applicability and usefulness to managers as well as researchers and legislators who want to strengthen national business structures.Ítem Acceso Abierto Discusión de los roles de las actividades de la empresa, los consumidores y los grupos de interés en el cambio del valor de las marcas(Escuela de Posgrado Newman S.A.C., 2023-01-30) Reynoso Espinoza, Deivit Wilfredo; Arbaiza Fermini, LydiaThis essay discusses some of the groups and roles that should be considered in the analysis of brand value changes. The active and passive roles that they have are considered: the activities of the company, the interest groups of the company and the consumers. The activities of the companies are linked to the value of the brands directly through their products, but especially through the experience, identity, and morality of their processes. Stakeholders add the perspective generated by the company's ethical image to the value of brands, such as environmental responsibilities, their integrity, and the creation of shared value. Consumers are the main modifiers of brand value. These not only link the value of the product acquired with the satisfaction of the need, but also add social constructs that identify, distinguish, and can classify companies, modifying their value, thanks to physical and virtual word of mouth (social networks). This essay is especially important because in recent years the number of companies whose brands exceed their traditional assets in value has increased, and additional analysis is needed to understand this phenomenon.Ítem Acceso Abierto Evaluación del desperdicio de alimentos: normas y acciones para fomentar la circularidad en Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024) Huiman Cruz, AlbertoPopulation growth generates a greater demand for food, thus increasing food waste. The fight against this problem began in several countries with strict regulations managing food waste. In the case of Peru, an analysis of progress in the field is presented. The objective of the article is to analyze the management of food waste in Peru and worldwide, both in terms of regulations and current situation; for this purpose, a bibliographic review was conducted taking into account the guidelines of circularity in food. The results obtained demonstrate deficiencies in both Peruvian and global regulatory frameworks, with the exception of Europe. The increase in food waste generation was analyzed globally in households, retail establishments, and the service industry. Countries share concerns about the increase in waste and seek to align themselves with the circularity model. In the case of Peru, this implies modifying and improving regulations with the involvement of relevant stakeholders. Therefore, actions are proposed to promote circularity in food management with a sustainability vision, such as proposals for national actions and basic principles, with collaboration between industries, government, and civil society.Ítem Acceso Abierto Determinants of Short- and Long-Term Commercial Lending Rates in Peru, 2010–2022(Vilnius University Press, 2023-12-27) Bravo Orellana, SergioShort- and long-term interest rates are crucial for investment and, thus, business dynamism. The injection of money depends on the ability to promote cash flows through credit which boosts productive sectors. In the last decade, among Latin American countries, Peru has stood out for its key financial system and macroeconomic stability characteristics. The Central Reserve Bank of Peru (BCRP) plays a key role in setting the reference rate given its autonomy and strong institutional trust. However, the mixed pension system injects liquidity into the financial system through its private contributions. For the purposes of this study, an autoregressive econometric model of distributed lags (ARDL) was employed. The findings reveal that the reference rate set by the BCRP establishes a long-term relationship for both short and long-term rates, empirically demonstrating the effectiveness of monetary policy. Additionally, the liquidity provided by the pension system triggers an immediate shock response in determining the short-term rate. It is also observed that the issuance of sovereign bonds is a robust tool in determining the long-term rate due to its facilitation of credit access. This research is relevant for identifying macroeconomic and financial variables and guiding the formulation of macroeconomic policies.Ítem Acceso Abierto Telemedicine in Peru: origin, implementation, pandemic escalation, and prospects in the new normal(Oxford University Press, 2024-01-12) Rees, Gareth H.For many countries telemedicine was speedily adopted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, though for some countries telemedicine may have been implemented in a context of limited regulations or few plans or strategies to scale quickly. This article recounts how telemedicine was developed in Peru as a measure to support the country's Universal Health Coverage and service access to rural and locations with low workforce numbers and its deployment. From a range of data, we find that Peru's development of telehealth began before the pandemic, which by 2020 was sufficient to be able to foster a rapid and wider deployment and while the telemedicine service volumes quickly grew from the pandemic onset, these numbers then begin to reduce suggesting that telemedicine was considered more as a pandemic emergency measure rather than a change to the mix of health provision. From these data we offer two lessons, (i) that Peru's preparedness in terms of telemedicine policy and regulation were helpful to rapidly expand telemedicine at a time of necessity and (ii) that due to this investment and with a better understanding, Peru now has a short-run window of opportunity for the Peruvian Government to continue its regulatory development and investment to further deploy telemedicine services as a UHC improvement measure and to better align the health system to the country’s health needs.Ítem Acceso Abierto Optimización de los motores de búsqueda en el afianzamiento de marca(Universidad de los Andes, 2024-01-13) Salas Coz, Erwin; Ostos, Jhony; Velazco Ramos, CarmenIntroduction: During the health crisis due to the pandemic, SMEs had not developed their brand on online internet channels, and they were forced to integrate into virtual commerce. Despite the efforts made by SMEs, they have low levels of virtual digitisation in relation to large companies. This paper aims to analyse the implementation of the Internet search engine optimisation (OMB) methodology in brand consolidation. Method: A case study was developed in a small company in Lima, Peru. The research results show that the OMB promotes brand consolidation, which means that the OMB methodology can be extended to other small companies to improve their brand positioning.Ítem Acceso Abierto Factores que influyen en la rentabilidad de las micro y pequeñas empresas en tiempos de contingencia(Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 2024-06-20) Hernández Jiménez, Araceli; Cáceda Quispe, MarisolThe objective of this research is to analyze the factors that influence the profitability of Micro and Small Enterprises in Peru, in the face of the problems derived from Covid-19, with the purpose of contributing to the literature on the study of business behavior during crises, from the perspective of the contingency theory. In order to carry out the research, a quantitative study was carried out with a sample of 291 companies in the commercial and service sector in Lima, Peru. The results of the logistic regression analysis show that only two groups of variables were significant: environment and size, while the group of variables that influence technology was not significant in generating the profitability of the company.Ítem Acceso Abierto Feedback dynamic control for exiting a debt-induced spiral in a deterministic Keen model(Public Library of Science, 2024-02-09) Perez Avellaneda, Ivan; Rosales, Francisco; Duffaut Espinosa, Luis A.The Keen model is designed to represent an economy as a dynamic system governed by the interactions between private debt, wage share, and employment rate. When certain conditions are met, the model can lead to a debt spiral, which accurately mimics the impact of a financial crisis on an economy. This manuscript presents a recipe for breaking this spiral by expressing Keen’s model as an affine nonlinear system that can be modified through policy interventions. We begin by considering critical initial conditions that resemble a financial crisis to achieve this goal. We then locate a desired point within the system’s vector field that leads to a desirable equilibrium and design a path towards it. This path is later followed using one-step-ahead optimal control. We illustrate our approach by presenting simulated control scenarios.Ítem Acceso Abierto Importancia del gobierno corporativo y estructura de capital en las empresas listadas en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima. Caso Alicorp(Universidad de los Andes, 2023-06-22) Lizarzaburu B., Edmundo R.; Burneo F., Kurt; Ostos M., Jhony; García, ConradoCorporate Governance is a tool to establish a balance between internal and external stakeholders (Torre, 2005). This document aims to share the conventions regarding corporate governance and interest groups, those that may be useful in the Peruvian context, as well as the impact of the application of good corporate governance practices on, besides the environment, profitability and organization benefits. In this sense, we propose that the correct management in the application of Corporate Governance will improve the performance of the company. The research will first present a theoretical framework on corporate governance and interest groups, followed by the study case carried out on the company Alicorp S.A.A. which contains, first, a description of the macroeconomic and domestic environment, followed by the analysis of Corporate Governance practices, stakeholder management and, briefly, the economic-financial performance of the 2010-2015 period.Ítem Acceso Abierto Is Income Discrimination a Factor in the Recent Venezuelan Migration?(REFPress, 2023) Guillen, JorgeThe following paper analyzes income discrimination during the recent Venezuelan migration in Peru. We use the survey “Encuesta Dirigida a la Población Venezolana (ENPOVE)” in order to proceed with our assessment. The ENPOVE surveys were conducted in 2018 with 9,487respondents (3,611 houses).The survey enabled the collection of socioeconomic variables and discrimination perceptions of Venezuelan residents in Tumbes, La Libertad, Arequipa, Cusco, Lima, and Callao. The results allow us to investigate the Peruvian labor market for low-skilled immigrant workers.
