Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12640/4090

La Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science (JEFAS), de la Universidad ESAN, es una publicación académica de acceso abierto que presenta investigaciones revisadas por pares en administración, economía y finanzas, con un enfoque en el contexto latinoamericano e iberoamericano. Fundada en 1992 como Cuadernos de Difusión, en 2009 cambió de nombre a su actual denominación como JEFAS. Ha evolucionado en colaboración con importantes editoriales, como Elsevier y actualmente Emerald Publishing. La revista publica investigaciones de alta calidad sin costo para los autores, con el respaldo de ESAN y su compromiso con la difusión del conocimiento científico y académico, y la práctica gerencial.

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Mostrando 1 - 20 de 438

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10 years of service quality measurement: reviewing the use of the SERVQUAL instrument
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2002-12-30) Nyeck, Simon; Morales, Miguel; Ladhari, Riadh; Pons, Frank
In 1988, Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry developed an instrument to measure the quality of service. Since that date, this instrument has been used in numerous studies on different industries and in different countries, both by academics and professionals. However, despite its wide dissemination, few studies deal with the dimensionality and validity aspects of this measurement scale. This article describes the practices observed in relation to these aspects through the analysis of the studies that SERVQUAL has used during the last ten years. From a sample of 60 empirical studies using the SERVQUAL scale, the main aspects of validity dealt with by each author are analysed, using an analysis template adapted from the study of Stokes and Miller (1975). Based on the available data, the study suggests that the scale developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1988) does not present a stable dimensional structure of five factors. Finally, the article evaluates the influence of the characteristics of the research design on the reliability of SERVQUAL.
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A propósito de la privatización de Petroperú: negocios independientes o integración vertical
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 1995-06-30) Roca, Santiago
It analyzes the various sales modalities raised in view of the privatization of the state oil company, Petroperú, mainly the modality of subdivision into independent businesses proposed by the Special Committee for the Promotion of Private Investment (Cepri) of this company. It finds that, apparently, the oil industry needs to operate vertically integrated; however, this possibility must be determined based on the market, the interlinking between the parties and the objectives to be achieved for the benefit of the country. On the other hand, the plan presented by Cepri combines transfer of ownership, strategic alliances with oil operators, concession and license mechanisms, but it would also establish the obligatory of a series of long-term contracts and regulatory mechanisms that would replace the internal transactions of an integrated system. Other options that could generate positive results are also analyzed, provided the necessary regulations are in place. Finally, it points out that in order to decide the best form of privatization, not only the costs, risks and business potential of each option must be evaluated, but also the political consequences and the benefits that the State would obtain from each one of them.
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A propósito del enfoque BCG
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 1992-03-30) Esteves Dejo, Martha Cecilia
It raises some of the limitations of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) method, a successful consulting product considered a simple tool that helps to comprehensively understand the decisions a company makes about its future. To this end, the validity of the concepts on which it is based, its goodness as an analysis tool and the applicability of its recommendations are discussed. The three central concepts that support the theoretical framework of the BCG are analyzed: the experience curve, the product life cycle and the portfolio balance, and the main objections to the strategic options derived from it are raised. The general propositions derived from the growth-participation matrix are discussed and two aspects are dealt with in detail: the validity of the strategy recommended by the BCG for "dog" businesses and the limitations that the product life cycle imposes on marketing managers.
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Un acercamiento al concepto de cultura
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2006-12-30) Podestá C., Paola
The following article, derived from a research conducted in an organization that belongs to the airline industry, intends to approach the concept of Culture from two theoretical viewpoints, and propose a possibility of analysis from the relation between relevant concepts of such perspectives. These afore-mentioned relations are also proposed as a reference to study cultural change in organizations. The central question impacts the concept of organizational culture and enhances a reflection: Is cultural transformation possible in an organization?
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La administración del desarrollo sostenible en el contexto de la economía social de mercado
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2007-12-30) Vera, José Carlos
The theory of market social economy appears neatly when dealing with environmental conservation and the search for the wellbeing of the underprivileged. These concepts have been used in various countries and today it is possible to see countries that carefully watch over their environment and have achieved signifi cant social balance. Peru has not been alien to environmental and social concepts and for more than four decades has establishes organizations, designed policies and enacted laws to look at these issues. However, the outcomes have been limited. Among the reasons that explain the ineffectiveness of such regulations and institutions perhaps among the most important are the lack of effective oversight and control over economic agents, and an ineffi cient design of the ways to attain goals through regulations and institutions. For that reason, this paper proposes policy options to correct market outcomes and a way to build institutions that will allow to accomplish the desired goals.
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La administración pública en Gran Bretaña
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 1993-12-30) Plowden, William
This article focuses on the central national government of Great Britain. It outlines the most important permanent features of the British administration, those which have remained constant over the past hundred years or so. It then describes the major changes in the public service between 1960 and 1970 and during the government of Margaret Thatcher. It also discusses some unresolved issues and identifies key lessons learned on how to reform and maintain an efficient public administration. Furthermore, it is explained that the British civil service has been altered by accession to the European Community, because their laws restrict the formulation or implementation of British public policies. Finally, thirteen essential elements for an effective civil service in a modern democratic state are mentioned.
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Adopción e implementación del comercio electrónico por empresas medianas en el Perú: un estudio de casos
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2002-12-30) Yamakawa Tsuja, Peter; Serida Nishimura, Jaime
This paper examines the factors associated with the adoption of electronic commerce and the relationship between these factors and the degree of implementation of this technology in medium-sized companies in Peru. It does so base on the empirical evidence provided by companies that represent successful experiences in the use of electronic commerce. Also, in response to the need to use a unit of measurement different from the binary one adopts/does not adopt to establish the degree of implementation of the technology of electronic commerce, this research presents a measurement proposal that considers four dimensions: volume, diversity, amplitude, and depth. The framework of analysis comes from the theory of the diffusion of innovations.
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Adoption determinants of the International Accounting Standards IAS/IFRS by the developing countries
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2013-12-30) Zehri, Fatma; Chouaibi, Jamel
This paper’s main objective is to identify certain explanatory factors that likely clarify the choice of applying IAS/IFRS adopted by developing countries (DCs) up until the year 2008. Based on a sample consisting of 74 DCs the empirical results have indicated that the DCs most likely to adopt IAS/IFRS have a high level of economic growth along with a legal system of common law and an advanced educational level.
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ADR effects on domestic Latin American financial market
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2010-06-30) Mendiola Cabrera, Alfredo
The purpose of this paper is to revisit and extend previous research work that examines the ADR-listing effects on the trading process of all the domestically-listed stocks in the main Latin American exchanges. The most important result is consistent with the idea of a greater isolation (from global markets) of the singly-listed stocks in the post-cross-listing period. These results persist over the cross-listing months. As expected, the cross-listed stocks become more integrated in the post-cross listing period.
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Agencia moral de la empresa: el aporte del análisis causal aristotélico
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2006-12-30) Preziosa, María Marta
The initial question about the ontological status of the corporation precedes the question about its moral status. The Aristotelian causes are constitutive principles of reality that infl uence each other reciprocally and which we apply to the enterprise to design its anatomy’s ontological structure. The corporation’s material cause is the capability its members have to associate. The formal intrinsic cause is its organization for producing and trading the goods man needs. The extrinsic formal or exemplary cause is the shared mental model. And the corporation’s fi nal cause is its mission. And the common good is the mediate end that gives it sense. The corporation is considered as an entity possessing a certain unity based in the order embodied in the plexus of internal-external relations of the corporation.
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Agency costs and the size discount: evidence from acquisitions
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2010-12-30) Offenberg, David
Many scholars have found a negative relationship between a firm’s size and its value, as measured by Tobin’s q. This result is called the size discount. There are hypotheses about why the size discount exists, but none have been rigorously empirically tested. This paper argues that the size discount is created by the inability of shareholders to minimize agency costs in larger companies. Statistical tests suggest that the size discount only appears in large firms with managers that impose excessive agency costs upon their shareholders. Empiricists who use Tobin’s q to proxy for growth opportunities may need a different proxy.
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Aid allocation, selectivity, and the quality of governance
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2014-06-30) In’airat, Mohammad
The introduction of good governance in the economic growth and development agenda in the last two decades, along with the failure of aid conditionality to produce positive growth results, motivated ex-post selectivity instead of the ex-ante conditionality as a new approach to aid allocation. This paper aims to explore whether aid selectivity on the basis of the quality of governance is employed as a criterion in foreign aid allocation. The paper uses different instrumental variables as estimators to analyze the determinants of aid allocation over the period 2001–2010. The results produced strong evidence that countries with good governance are given preferential treatment by donors. Among the six governance indicators, it seems that voice and accountability and control of corruption are critical in the aid allocation decision.
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Airports’ public infrastructure and sources of inefficiency
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2023-06-30) Ripoll-Zarraga, Ane Elixabete
Purpose: The Spanish airport system contains several regional airports within an amenity distance and alternative travel modes. Profitable airports cross-subsidise small airports, which are not required for regional development or connectivity. Airports are government-owned and centralised-managed by Spanish Airports and Air Navigation (AENA, for its Spanish acronym). This study aims to analyse the probability of an under-used public infrastructure and the AENA’s managerial ability as per the financial sustainability of the network in the long term. Design/methodology/approach: The national regulatory framework determines the airports’ environment. Six airports revealed unobserved heterogeneity, avoiding model misspecification. The framework is defined through proxies of the singularities of the Spanish framework: public investments and geographical specifications. The stochastic frontier analysis model follows two time-varying specifications, accounting for airports’ environmental factors, to ensure the robustness of the results to differ from the inefficiency caused by AENA and external factors. Findings: Airports’ infrastructure capacity and traffic are not correlated; regional airports become a financial burden for the system unless they specialise or differentiate. Proxies defining the airports’ context are relevant. Because airports do not compete for airlines and passengers, there are too many regional airports with little traffic, resulting in disused public infrastructure that falls far short of improving connectivity and regional development. Originality/value: This study contributes to paying attention to the characteristics of the regulatory framework, such as management strongly centralised in AENA, airport charges decided by the owner, lack of competition and lack of an independent regulatory entity. Another original contribution considers reliable capital measures (airports’ infrastructure).
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An alternative formula for the constant growth model
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2019-12-01) Forsyth, Juan A.
Purpose – The traditional one-stage constant growth formula has two main underlying assumptions: a company will be able to maintain its competitive advantage for completed investments in perpetuity and each year in the future it will be able to generate new investment opportunities with the same competitive advantage which will also remain in perpetuity. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model that limits the duration of the competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach – A new model is developed and it is used to value a public company. Findings – In this study the author introduces an alternative formula considering the duration of the competitive advantage imposing a restriction on the fact that extraordinary returns cannot be sustained forever and also separates the part of the value explained by the current investments from the portion of value created by future investments. Originality/value – The traditional one-stage constant growth model used to determine the continuing value of a company has limitations regarding the duration of the competitive advantage. The developed formula corrects the problem limiting the time extraordinary returns will remain over time.
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Ambiente y TLC: el pacto de gobernabilidad
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2007-12-30) Rosell, Mónica
This paper aims at providing, from a sustainable development perspective, an idea about the direction our country will take once the US-Peru FTA is enforced, regarding particularly the environmental, trade and investment areas. The signing of the FTA has led Peru to leave behind a view of the environment vision as a moral and ethical (some times marginal) component of economic relations, to turn it into a regulatory and mandatory consideration overlapping trade and investment to such an extent that failure to comply may lead to sanctions as severe as those pertaining to other matters related to for instance access to or permanence in a given market. Even so, it is worthwhile mentioning that the FTA is only an initial component of a more complex and broad multilateral scenario that recognizes in the environment an essential element of international economic relations.
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Análisis comparativo de la competitividad de las economías del Perú y Chile en un enfoque global
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2009-12-30) Peña-Vinces, Jesús C.
Small economies, such as the Peruvian and Chilean, are immersed in the global arena of emergent economies, so evaluating them from a home based point of view (Porter, 1990) would be limited and of little use. This fact turns Porter’s national diamond framework insufficient for that purpose (Moon, Rugman and Verbeke, 1998). This paper analyzes these economies from a global view that would include local as well as foreign markets; in other words, it applies the International Competitiveness Double Diamond approach proposed by Moon, Rugman & Verbeke (1998), and Moon & Lee (2004). Information from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the World Economic Forum, the Inter-American Development Bank and other sources was gathered to draw up the double diamond. The empirical analyses show that Chile is more competitive globally, while Peru is locally. To sum up, the results imply that Chile is more attractive to direct foreign investment than Peru.
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Análisis de comportamiento caótico en variables de la cadena de suministro
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2011-12-30) Ramírez, Sergio A.; Peña, Gloria E.
In this article we develop a supply chain model of four levels through the utilization of system dynamics with Ithink® and Mathlab® softwares to analyze data. The supply chain is studied from the chaos theory perspective, which helps identifying the sensitive variables that can lead to a state of chaos. A generic structure model that comprehends factory links, distribution, wholesale, retail and the client is constructed. The difficulty of operations and logistics managers to decide how much to order and when to do it is simulated accordingly to what occurs in the links of the preceding and subsequent levels with two decision parameters: The first parameter denominated A indicates the participation (between 0 and 1) of the number of product units that are taken into account in the actual stock and the pending orders at the moment of performing an order. The second parameter, denominated B, is the participation (between 0 and 1) of the number of units in the supply line (in transit) at the moment of performing orders of each of the links of the supply chain.
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Análisis de las características de las incubadoras de empresas en Colombia: un estudio de casos
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2011-06-30) Peña-Vinces, Jesús C.; Bravo, Saulo; Álvarez, Félix A.; Pineda Duván A.
Based on the research methodology of case study, in this article we analyze the main characteristics that condition business’s survival of four business’s incubators in Colombia (Bucaramanga, Créame, Parquesoft and Gestando). The researchers applied the guide of best practices of the business’s incubators of Nodriza as a tool for the exploratory analysis. The results reveal that 70% of the companies comply with this guide, allowing them to continue surviving at the domestic and international market.
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Análisis integral de los flujos comerciales entre el Perú y China con miras a la firma de un acuerdo de alcance parcial
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2006-06-30) Gallardo Torres, Carlos
Trade and its role in economic development have been amongst Peru’s priorities since the country’s economic opening. Along this line, it is easy to understand Peru’s decision to start negotiations to establish trade preference agreements with its main trading partners. This research starts by presenting the scenario for potential trade negotiations between Peru and the People’s Republic of China. The analysis is based on a methodology integrating calculations of trade indicators and the design of tariff item classification and potential identification matrices. Our outcomes’ analysis allows identifying those goods that are actually taking advantage of present trade relations between Peru and China, and other goods that might take further advantage of more open markets once a trade agreement is reached between the two nations. In addition, our research allows preparing a ranking of product classifications taking account of those industries and products where Peru should focus during trade talks with China.
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Análisis psicosocial de la violencia: entre el conflicto y el desarrollo social
(Universidad ESAN. ESAN Ediciones, 2009-06-30) Malvaceda Espinoza, Eli L.
Following recent events in our country, with the aim of improving the study and prevention of conflicts for a better economic and social development that contributes to the quality of life and mental health of individuals, this article begins by exploring the concepts of violence and aggression and outlines the conceptual distinction between them, also delves into issues such as intentionality and social value, basic budgets and components as the formal structure of the act, personal equation, the context enabler and the ideological background in the development of violence. Follows the path initiated in 1989 by Ignacio Martín-Baró, adapting to the Peruvian case.