3. Investigación
URI permanente para esta comunidadhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12640/4065
Esta colección reúne las contribuciones de acceso abierto realizadas por los docentes e investigadores de la Universidad ESAN, publicadas en fuentes académicas externas. Los trabajos aquí incluidos abarcan una amplia gama de temas de relevancia académica y profesional, y están orientados a fortalecer el conocimiento y el impacto de la investigación en diversas disciplinas. Estos estudios están disponibles para el público en general, promoviendo la difusión y el intercambio de conocimientos en beneficio de la comunidad académica y de la sociedad.
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Ítem Acceso Abierto The delay of consequences and perceived risk: an analysis from the workers’ view point(Universidad de Antioquia. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2015-02-19) Rodríguez-Garzón, Ignacio; Delgado-Padial, Antonio; Martinez-Fiestas, Myriam; Lucas-Ruiz, ValerianoThis paper addresses the question of how construction workers perceive occupational risks. It is a question that has not been addressed in scientific research. Specifically, we answer the following research questions: what is the perception of risk of construction workers?; what aspects of risk significantly influence the formation of the overall perception of risk?; are there sociodemographic variables that help to understand the perception of risk of construction workers? and if this were the case, then what are these variables and how do they influence them? Ultimately, it examines the profile of perceived risk, its relation to the delay of consequences and the influence of socio-demographic variables. Respondents filled out a questionnaire in the presence of the survey-taker. The questionnaire was based on the psychometric paradigm, and was comprised of: (a) nine questions, each exploring a perceived risk attribute or dimension rated on a Likert 7-point scale, (b) a question on global risk perception, and (c) categorical questions about socio-demographic issues. The survey was conducted in the city of Granada (Spain). A profile of the construction workers’ perceived risk was obtained. Answers to each attribute were above the neutral line (scores above four). The profile shows the risk dimension with the highest score was the delayed consequences of exposure to risk conditions, a dimension that can be related to ergonomics and occupational hygiene. This is a new outcome since traditionally this dimension was given a lower score in the worker’s perception. A simple linear regression showed global risk may be explained in terms of the delayed consequences dimension (R2=0.29). Finally, a variance analysis (ANOVA) and several t-tests explored the relationship between this dimension and the sample’s socio-demographic variables. To conclude, the delay of consequences is the risk dimension workers perceived as the most critical in their daily chores. In addition, this risk dimension is decisive in creating a high global risk perception. Parenthood, a higher worker category and training are the only socio-demographic variables having an impact on this dimension of perceived risk. Hence, there is a direct relationship between these two variables.Ítem Acceso Abierto International markets entry strategy determinants: an exploratory study in Peru(Universidad del Valle, 2017-12-20) Robles Gutiérrez, Fernando; Jáuregui Machuca, Kety LourdesNowadays a progressively more dynamic and global economic environment causes a higher number of enterprises to pick an entry strategy to become international. The choice of a strategy of entry into foreign markets constitutes one of the most relevant decisions for a company, for it impacts on its performance and means it being ready to cooperate, to a greater or lesser extent, with global supply chains. The present article identifies the determining factors of the strategies of entry into international markets as implemented by Peruvian businessmen, which impact on the integration level into an international market. The companies that participated in this exploratory study have growing exportation levels within the non-traditional sector. The results allow to appreciate exporters employing entry strategies with low levels of integration, and predominantly prefer low-risk markets and high resemblance to the Peruvian market, with regards to cultural affinity and business behavior.Ítem Acceso Abierto The impact of business group diversification on emerging market multinationals: evidence from Latin America(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2012-07-01) Borda-Reyes, ArmandoThis article explored whether the benefits of business group diversification on the scope-performance relationship varies depending on the level of development of the network of subsidiaries and the region of operation of the focal firm. To test the hypothesis presented, a panel data with fix effects models was used on a sample of Latin American firms. The results suggested that business group diversification has the capacity to generate value in the internationalization process of their affiliates. However, the benefits of business group diversification are location bound within the region (Americas) but they are not related to the level of development of the targeted countries.Ítem Acceso Abierto Private valuation of compensation stock options(Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, 2018-02-22) Cueto, Diego C.In recent years, risk-adjusted compensation packages with stock options have increase in popularity, volume, and scope. The objective of this paper is to document the divergence between the cost to the firm and the value to the employee of compensations stock options. Simulations reaching numerical examples beyond previous work that halted at theoretical approaches achieve this goal. The cost to the firm and the valuation for a diversified investor would coincide. However, the employee that receives stock options is bearing more firm-related risk that he would under a portfolio optimization strategy. Therefore, the undiversified employee assigns a lower value to the option. The results presented in this paper may help to better understand the preferences for certain types of options over others, from the firm’s and from the holder’s perspective.Ítem Acceso Abierto On Collusion and Industry Size(CEMA, Central University of Finance and Economics, 2011) Escrihuela-Villar, Marc; Guillén, JorgeIn this paper we investigate the connection between the number of competitors and the sustainability of collusion within the context of a infinitely repeated symmetric Cournot model where only a subset of firms cooperate. We show that, in our model, an increase in the number of cartel firms may increase collusion likelihood by diminishing the negative effects for collusion of the existence of a competitive fringe. Also, we show that an increase in the number of fringe firms makes collusion harder to sustain.Ítem Acceso Abierto A prediction model based on data mining to forecast the expectations of passing from a college student(ESRSA Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2016-10-26) Acosta de La Cruz, Pedro R.; Flores Salinas, José A.; Meza Pinto, Miguel A.; Tineo Córdova, Freddy C.The present work has as objective to apply data mining techniques to develop a predictive model to forecast the chance of passing that will have a college student at the time of enrolling in a particular subject. Given that the academic record of the student can be known, and based on that information, we propose an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that allows, using various configurations, to predict and assess our goal. The model has been applied to a compulsory subject of higher education of a University and given the results obtained. This model can be applied to any other subject analogous with satisfactory results.Ítem Acceso Abierto Using the theory of planned behavior to predict nascent entrepreneurship(Consejo Latinoamericano de Escuelas de Administración, 2011) Serida Nishimura, Jaime; Morales Tristán, OswaldoThis study focuses on the factors that lead individuals to create new ventures. It draws on the social psychology literature and applies the theory of planned behavior to understand and predict nascent entrepreneurship. To test the integrity of this theory in predicting entrepreneurial behavior, this study uses data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) research program in Peru. The findings of the study provide partial support for the theory. Implications of these findings are discussed.Ítem Acceso Abierto Supervisor's behavioral complexity: ineffective in the call center(International Journal of Business Science & Applied Management, 2018-02-15) León, Federico R.; Burga-León, Andrés; Morales, OswaldoAn ample repertoire of leadership behaviors available to the manager is expected to guarantee his/her effectiveness transcending situations, but research in the call-center context has identified a specific form of effective supervision: people-oriented leadership. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effectiveness of leader behavioral complexity vis-a-vis people-oriented supervision. 268 employees out of 728 of a Peruvian call center filled in an on-line survey that included, among other questionnaires, the Competing Values Framework Managerial Behavior Instrument in reference to their front-line supervisor. The study analyzed the relationships between supervisory leadership and subordinate turnover intention and absenteeism. Behavioral complexity, like people-oriented leadership, predicted subordinate turnover intention but did not predict subordinate absenteeism, which people-oriented leadership did when other leadership orientations (to change, results, processes) were held constant. Our explanations consider that absenteeism is a concrete behavior and turnover intention an abstract attitude. The findings are consistent with the call-center literature, suggest important boundaries to the concept of manager behavioral complexity, and highlight the need for contingency theories of leadership effectiveness.Ítem Acceso Abierto Market orientation at universities: construct and exploratory validation(Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Escuela de Administración y Contaduría Pública, 2010-01-01) Rivera-Camino, Jaime; Molero Ayala, VíctorFaced with a panorama of growing competitiveness in which universities are forced to get resources on their own, the concept of market orientation can be seen as a solution backed by ample literature. However, the existing literature is based principally on the profit-making sector with the publications in the educational field being still scarce. The purpose of our exploratory research is to develop and validate a market orientation measure in a sampling of Spanish universities. The scale integrates and expands the theoretical proposals from previous research; it shows acceptable levels of reliability and validity while allowing the setting-up of future lines of research in the area.Ítem Acceso Abierto Latin American private pension funds’ vulnerabilities(Centro de Investigación y Docencia Ecónomicas, 2011) Guillén, JorgeIn the last years, we have been witnesses of significant large rates of return in most Latin-American private pension fund institutions (PPF). This outstanding performance of funds can be explained by an economic boom in the region. However, these funds have lately been hampered in some countries, something that contrasts with the successful performance of private pension funds’ returns. We measure management performance with the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique, and test a sample of eight countries in Latin America to determine if there is any vulnerability in the private pension funds. The results are relevant for policy makers and regulators of pension funds.
